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We will find surfaces that are hard and flat to be the best reflectors of sound. To understand why, we need to review a couple of things about sound. Sound is mechanical energy. The source of the sound will put the sound (mechanical) energy into the medium through which that sound is going to travel. This causes some movement in the medium through which the sound is propagating. Surfaces that reflect sound best will not absorb the sound energy by moving. These surfaces will resist any movement and will thus not take any energy from the sound wave. This said, we'd expect a foam rubber wall will reflect far less sound energy than a concrete wall. Also, a wall that is flat will cause less scattering, which is a distributed redirection of the sound. A flat wall will allow sound to be reflected directly back toward the source (for sound arriving at a right angle to the wall). A wall that is made of cemented river stones, which are rounded, will scatter some of the sound energy and be less as good a reflector of that sound compared to a flat, smooth concrete wall.

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11y ago
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12y ago

A2. Sound requires a medium in which to travel. This medium has spring and mass characteristics. When sound meets a surface with very different spring and mass characters, most of the sound will be reflected. This material will be a sound barrier - provided it doesn't have holes in it through which the sound would bypass the massive properties. Concrete would be an example of this, and gypsum wallboard is another.

Contra with sound absorbers. For these we need a light weight material with considerable porosity. Examples would be fibreglass blankets, polyurethane wedges (as you'll see in anechoic chambers), and similar.

There is a special class of sound absorber in which the sound wave is reflected back 1/2 wave out of phase, and thus cancellation of the sound will result. These are called reactive sound absorbers, and one area where this technique is commonly used is in auto mufflers. [The US usage of muffler is more accurate than the European one of silencer.]

A1. rough soft surface; better if deep troughs with air pockets, so to allow sound waves to enter, bounce around, and be attenuated before exiting

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13y ago

if the surface is hard, it's easier to absorb sound. so, it reflects better soft.

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Q: What kind of surfaces reflect sound well?
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