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The echelon formation was designed to protect any exposed flanks against an enemy attack and to more effectively outflank an opposing enemy line. It consisted of units that were separated from the main battle line. This formation was used by the Union at the Battle of Chickamauga and helped to decrease Federal losses at that battle. Chickamaugua was a much needed Confederate victory in September of 1863, based on Lee's loss at Gettysburg in July of 1863.

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Q: What was the purpose of the infantry battle formation called the echelon formation?
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