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What was the social structure for the ancient Hebrews?

Updated: 8/17/2019
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11y ago

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the main one is Judaism

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The first structure was the extended family. Everyone, including uncles and second and third cousins was called Ahim (brothers) and was expected to provide mutual aid. By the time of Abraham (3 centuries after the Flood), distinct clans were in place, such as that of Abraham and that of Nahor (Genesis ch.22); and they might squabble just as soon as help each other (Genesis ch.31). There were Semitic kings in the area by this time, such as the king at Mari, whose 200-room palace has been unearthed; but they are never mentioned in the Torah, implying that their rule was relatively less dictatorial than that of the distant Pharaoh or Nimrod.

During the sojourn in Egypt, the Israelites (as they were now called) had broken away from the rest of the Semites and Hebrews because of the latter's idolatry. The Israelites were organized by tribes, with scholars (the Levites) and Sanhedrin (council of Elders, as the Torah calls them in Exodus ch.5). This could be called a theocracy, especially in the time of the Judges, when "God is your Ruler" (Judges 8:23, 1 Samuel 12:12) and the law of the Torah was the final rule. Each central Judge arose only in times of emergency (Judges 1); otherwise the people preferred a quiet Torah-lifestyle.

After 350 years in the land, the people asked for and received a king (Deuteronomy ch.17, 1 Samuel ch.8) and a monarchy was installed for 450 years.

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