You can substitue any kind of sherry for madeira (both are fortified wines). I personally like Golden Cream.
dry port
You can substitute Madeira for sherry for the most part, however, as an aperitif, Sherry Amontillado is my preference. Mario Lopez
Use a sherry of the same sweetness as the Madeira in the recipe. Use port or Marsala as a substitute for a sweet Madeira. All of the above will be quite close to the original flavor. If absolutely desperate you could try dry/sweet vermouth but the taste will be more than a little different.
I would think you mean Madeira cake rather than Madeira wine. If so, Madeira cake is not gluten free unless it is made with a gluten free substitute for wheat flour.
No
You can use equal parts dry sherry/pale sherry wine; not the cooking wine... the drinking wine. :)
No. Cooking wine does not contain vinegar, and would introduce too much salt.
no
You may substitute sweet Sherry, or dry Sherry if you add sugar since Mirin is a sweet rice wine.
A dry port, marsala, a dry sherry or even beef stock may be used as a substitute to madeira.
Two different items you will change the outcome of the dish. I would stick to the recipe.
No, Madeira is a fortified wine made with white grapes. They types from driest to sweetest are Sercial, Verdelho, Bual, and Malmsey.
In a supermarket of a fine wine shop.