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Previous answer: gravity

Gravity is part of the answer, but not all of it. That doesn't explain how the water rose to point where it could crash down by gravity. I'm a little rusty but if I remember my old college class correctly, as waves move towards shore, they disturb the water underneath them at a depth equal to one half their wavelength.

So as an example if 2 waves were coming in together with one trailing the other by 8 feet, they disturb the water underneath them at a depth of 4 feet. When they are in deep water, they don't crest but just look like 2 rolling hills. As they approach water shallower than one half their wavelength, the disturbed water below the wave is hitting against the ocean floor and begins to put a drag on the lower part of the wave. Meanwhile the top of the wave isn't disturbed so it crests and falls over the bottom part of the wave.

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11y ago
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13y ago

Breakers form when the trough (or wave) hits the bottom and rises toward the shore, the crest falls, then the wave breaks up.

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Q: What causes breakers to crash into the ocean floor?
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