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A combination of various polymers are used such as Hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and many others. These sustained release (XR, ER, SR) tablets may or may not be film coated as well.
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What are polymers as capsules?
When a negatively charged polymer and a positive polymer get close enough, they will arrange themselves around each other.The dye to be released is trapped inside the polymersThe polymer layers form a barrier which prevents the drug from being dissolved before it reaches the target organThe release of drug can be controlled by the charge and number of polymer chains in the capsule
Why is the measurement of the intrinsic dissolution rate of a drug important during pre-formulation?
Intrinic dissoluton is a crtical criteria we have to go bofore preformulatoin studies to understand the drug reolease parameters ,which highly influnces the scale up procedure.
In polymer eudragit RL100 what 100 means?
] Description: Methacrylate-based coating materials with a variety of functional properties.Functionality Trade name Anionic polymer of methacrylic acid and methacrylates with a -COOH group Eudragit® L 100-55 - powder, spray dried L 30 D-55 which can be reconstituted for targeted delivery in the duodenum Eudragit® L 30 D-55 - aqueous dispersion, pH dependent polymer soluble above pH 5.5 for targeted delivery in the duodenumEudragit® L 100 - powder, pH dependent polymer soluble above pH 6.0 for targeted delivery in the jejunumEudragit® S 100 - powder, pH dependent polymer soluble above pH 7.0 for targeted delivery in the ileum.Eudragit® FS 30 D - aqueous dispersion, pH dependent polymer soluble above pH 7.0, requires no plasticizerCationic polymer with a dimethylaminoethyl ammonium group Eudragit E 100 - granules, pH dependent, soluble in gastric fluid up to 5.0, swellable and permeable above pH 5.0. Eudragit® E PO - powder form of E-100Copolymers of acrylate and methacrylates with quarternary ammonium group. Insoluble, High PermeabilityEudragit® RL 30D - aqueous dispersion, pH independent polymer for sustained release formulationsEudragit® RL PO - powder, pH independent polymer for matrix formulationsEudragit® RL 100 - granules, pH independentInsoluble, Low PermeabilityEudragit® RS 30D - aqueous dispersion, pH independent polymer for sustained release formulationsEudragit® RS PO - powder, pH independent polymer for matrix formulationsEudragit® RS 100 - granules, pH independentCopolymers of acrylate and methacrylates with quarternary ammonium group in combination with sodium carboxymethylcellulose Eudragit RD 100 - powder, pH independent for fast disintegrating films 2) Applications:Enteric Coatings Eudragit® L 100-55 or L 30 D-55 - delivery to the duodenum (pH > 5.0). Exact pH controlled drug release can be adjusted by a combination of polymers and coating thickness. Eudragit® L 100 - delivery to the jejunum (pH > 6.0).Eudragit® S 100 - delivery to the intestine (pH 6.0 to 7.5), site specific drug delivery can be achieved by combining with Eudragit® L types.Eudragit® FS 30 D - delivery to the colon (pH >7.0).Acryl-eze® --one step dry enteric coating system, soluble at pH 5.5Sustained Release Coatings Eudragit® RL and RS - release profile determined by the ratio of RL to RS polymers, and the film thickness applied. Taste Masking Eudragit® RD 100, pH independent, fast disintegrating film Eudragit® E 100 and EPO, pH dependent cationic polymer, soluble in gastric fluid up to pH 5.0, swellable and permeable above pH 5.0Rapidly disintegrating Films Eudragit® RD 100
What effect does crushing the tablet have on solution?
You get the solution faster than uncrushed tablet. At times a patient can not swallow the tablet and crush it before swallowing. But it is is not recommended to crush the tablets. That is problematic in case of delayed or sustained release tablets as well as for enteric coated tablets. You have the disturbed phrmacokinetics or the drug may get destroyed by acid in the stomach.
How do 2 designer polymers work?
PET, plasters that are exposed to light and reduces stickyness so removing plasters is less painful, dissovable stitches, drug delivary capsuels...
If a standard injectable form of a drug is given every 12 hours is the sustained release form more likely to be given every 6 hours or 96 hours?
More likely would be every 96 hours - the sustained release form is the formulation that keeps blood levels of the drug elevated for longer periods of time than the standard formulation.
What is matrix tablet?
Matrix tablet is a specific formulation intended for slow/controlled/sustained release of drug at a desired location in gastro-intestinal tract.
What are the factors influencing oral sustained- release dosage form design?
Factors influencing oral sustained-release dosage form design include drug properties (such as solubility, stability, and half-life), desired release profile, site of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, manufacturing feasibility, patient compliance, and regulatory requirements. Additionally, considerations such as cost-effectiveness, formulation complexity, and technology advancement may also impact the design of sustained-release dosage forms.
How you can calculate the maintenance dose in the formulation of controlled release tablets?
Dt = Dose (1 + 0.693 × t/t1/2) Where, Dt = Total dose, Dose = Immediate release dose, t = Total time period for which sustained release is required, t1/2 = Half-life of drug.
How are mixtures important in food and drug formulation?
a mixture is important in food and drug formulation with food chain
What is the mechanism in a pill to dispense an active substance or drug to the body over a sustained period?
time release
What are polymers as capsules?
When a negatively charged polymer and a positive polymer get close enough, they will arrange themselves around each other.The dye to be released is trapped inside the polymersThe polymer layers form a barrier which prevents the drug from being dissolved before it reaches the target organThe release of drug can be controlled by the charge and number of polymer chains in the capsule
Definition of novel drug delivery system?
It is advance drug delivery system which improve drug potency, control drug release to give a sustained therapeutic effect, provide greater safety, finally it is to target a drug specifically to a desired tissue
What is the difference between sustained release and controlled release drug delivery system?
Time Release Technology also known as Sustained-release (SR), extended-release(ER, XR, or XL), time-release or timed-release, controlled-release (CR), or continuous-release (CR or Contin) pills are tablets or capsules formulated to dissolve slowly and release a drug over time. The advantages of sustained-release tablets or capsules are that they can often be taken less frequently than instant-release formulations of the same drug, and that they keep steadier levels of the drug in the bloodstream. The first Sustained release tablets were made by Howard Press, in Hoboken, NJ in the early 50's and the first tablets relased under his process patent were called "Nitroglyn" and made under license by Key Corp., in Florida. Today most are formulated so that the active ingredient is embedded in a matrix of insoluble substance (various: some acrylics, even chitin, these are often patented) so that the dissolving drug has to find its way out through the holes in the matrix. In some SR formulations the matrix physically swells up to form a gel, so that the drug has first to dissolve in matrix, then exit through the outer surface.There are certain considerations for the formation of sustained release formulation:If the active compound has a long half-life (over 6 hours), it is sustained on its own.If the pharmacological activity of the active compound is not related to its blood levels, time releasing then has no purpose.If the absorption of the active compound involves an active transport, the development of a time-release product may be problematic.Finally, if the active compound has a short half-life, it would require a large amount to maintain a prolonged effective dose. In this case, a broad therapeutic window is necessary to avoid toxicity; otherwise, the risk is unwarranted and another mode of administration would be recommended.The difference between controlled release and sustained release is that controlled release is a perfectly zero order release; that is, the drug releases over time irrespective of concentration. Sustained release implies slow release of the drug over a time period. It may or may not be controlled release.
Is SR after a drug name the same as ER after a drug name?
SR means slow release. It is for medications that need to be releases and absorbed slowly into the body. ER means extended release. Any medication with these abbreviations written on it means that the medication has a formulation that controls how fast drug is released from the pill into the body.
What trademarked sustained release systems are based on encapsulated drug particles that will dissolve at various rates asequels bspansules c extentabs?
sequels and spansules
What is a bioequivalence?
A bioequivalent is a formulation of a drug which is equivalent to some other formulation in terms of bioavailability.
