The Senate (Legislative branch) votes to confirm or reject the Presidents' (Executive branch) US Supreme Court (Judicial branch) nominees. Approval requires a simple majority of the Senators voting, unless a Senator attempts to block the vote by filibuster, in which case a three-fifths (60) vote is required to end the filibuster. under current Senate rules.
For more information, see Related Questions, below.
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The justices vote whether to hear a case using the "rule of four." If any four justices is interested in a case petitioned to the court, they will put it on the docket.
the president does
No one
Supreme Court of the United States
There are two special cases that start trial in the United States Supreme Court. Cases involving foreign officials and cases in which a state is a party originate in the Supreme Court.
In most cases a Supreme Court decision is permanent. The current Supreme Court can change the decision of a previous Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in the United States. It does not try cases, in the standard sense of the word, but only reviews lower court decisions. Usually, cases heard by the Supreme Court involve issues of Constitutional law or federal legislation.
No, the Supreme Court is separate from all other courts. The president nominates judges to federal courts and Congress approves them.
Congress has to approve the US Supreme Court nominees.
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Congress
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the Senate
The Supreme Court justices hear cases in the courtroom of the Supreme Court Building in Washington, DC.
The US president appoints the justice and the US Senate approves the appointment.
The president (executive branch) nominates judges to the Supreme Court. If the Congress approves the nomination, the nominee becomes a member of the Supreme Court. So, the Supreme Court depends on the executive for its members.
The president appoints, and the senate approves.
The Supreme Court hears cases which are on final appeal. The Supreme Court also hears cases relating to national elections.
Supreme Court of the United States
No, the Supreme Court has no part of the law making process. If someone challenges the validity of a law, it may end up in the Supreme Court.