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Second President of the United States, John Adams, appointed William Marbury and forty-one other Federalist party members to justice of the peace positions in 1801, just a few days before leaving office. He was able to take this action because the lame duck Congress passed the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 on February 27, 1801. The administration changed on March 4.

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Q: Who was the US President when the Marbury et al appointments were made and confirmed?
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