Sephardic Jews (Sephardim) were the Jews from Spain and Portugal.
After the Muslim conquest of Spain in the eighth century, many Jews fled to Spain in order to escape persecution in Christian Europe, knowing that they would be well-treated under Islamic rule. They became known as Sephardim (Spanish Jews).
By the fourteenth century, Spain was once again back under Christian rule and many Jews were converted to Christianity. The remaining Jews were finally expelled from Spain in 1492, and resettled in Islamic Northern Africa and the Middle East. Many of them were absorbed into existing Mizrachi (Arab Jew) communities, while others retained their separate identity as Sephardic Jews. Since the establishment of modern Israel, both Mizrachi and Sephardic Jews have been encouraged to identify simply as Sephardic Jews.