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Why did independent nation-states develope later in Eastern Europe than in western Europe?
Because the Soviet Union controlled Eastern Europe for four decades. This changed when they elected a new leader, Mikhail Horbachev, he gave Eastern Europe more freedom as one of his reforms.
Water is a better conductor of heat than land. Since Western Europe has more surface area in contact to water in summer it gets less hotter and in winter it has more moderate climate than Eastern...
Western Europe is mainly Christian, but Eastern Europe is mainly Jewish, Orthodox and Muslim. Also, Western Europe is far more advanced in stuff such as technology, power, economy and everyday life.