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Chimpanzees have 48 (24 pairs) chromosomes while man has 46 (23 pairs). This is due to the fact that one pair of chromosomes fused during the course of human evolution. Chromosomes have end cap markers called "Telomeres" to protect them from damage. They also have a marker called "Centromeres" that shows where splitting (mitosis) happened in the center of the chromosome. Scientists found in 2004 that the center of human chromosome #2 had two connected Telomeres, meaning that the ends of two chromosomes had fused. For more, see:

Hillier et al (2004) "Generation and Annotation of the DNA Sequences of Human Chromosome 2 and 4," Nature 434: 724-731

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Q: Why do humans have fewer chromosomes than chimps?
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