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Men can be Rabbis in all forms of Judaism. In Liberal Judaism (Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist, etc.), women can also be Rabbis. There is currently a few practicing female clergy in Orthodox Judaism, but they are not considered Rabbis since it is forbidden for women to be Rabbis in Orthodox Judaism.
-- The modern Reform and Reconstructionist Jewish movements ordain female rabbis. -- The Conservative Jewish movement began to ordain women within the past 20 years. -- Orthodox Judaism has never ordained women.
The answer to this question depends upon which branch of Judaism you belong to. The Reform branch not only allows woman to read from the Torah, it even has female rabbis. Whereas the Orthodox branch does not allow such things. In Orthodox or Hassidic Judaism, it is only the men who study Torah. This issue is examined in the movie "Yentl" starring Barbra Streisand. I recommend it.
No, there are female rabbis, even amongst the Orthodox. (Orthodox female rabbis aren't pulpit rabbis.)
In 2012, about 23 percent of Anglican clergy were female. The number of female clergy in that group increased by 41 percent between 2002 and 2012.
She is the female spirit of God in mystical Judaism.
in judaism, shekinah is the glory of god. She is also the female aspect of God in judaism.
Any male 13 years old or older (Orthodox) or any male 13 years old or female 12 years old or older (all other Jewish groups) can lead religious services in Judaism. This being said, in more organised formats, the leadership of religious services in Judaism is a joint effort between rabbis and cantors.
The Torah doesn't address the issue explicitly, but it does explicitly forbid sexual intercourse between two males (Leviticus 18:22). In speaking of marriage, the Torah endorses the paradigm of male-female marriage (Genesis 2:22-24).
No. Girl Scout troops do not have a troop chaplain. If there should be a religious need, a member of the clergy may be called upon to fill that need, and, as long as an adult female Girl Scout is present, that clergy may be male or female.
Yes.
Yes. Reform Judaism has allowed for female Rabbis for over 50 years.