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The viruses that cause the common cold can mutate often and rapidly and spread easily. The proteins on their capsid (coat) can be changed too quickly for us to prepare a vaccine before they change again. When they mutate these proteins, our antibodies often can no longer work to stop the virus.

This means that every cold that you get in your life time is caused by a different virus from the prior ones. They are each caused by a unique virus and once you've had one variety, you will have formed immunity to it, but you still can catch the next generation of mutations. Even though a cold is very common, it is certainly not simple. That is why scientists have not yet been able to develop a vaccine or cure for the common cold.

However, they are currently working on a cure that is promising. They believe that cold viruses can be "attacked" from a different direction. The viral antigens can be neutralized as they currently are ~ by antibodies attaching to the antigen coat. A different approach has been conceived and is under trials. The new attack is a move from working on the viral capsid (coat) to working with the stem of the virus, then it doesn't matter how much or how fast the topside (capsid) changes during mutations since the stem will still stay the same.

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Q: Why is the cure for the common cold still unknown?
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