Technically you can store diesel for about 12-18 months at around 65 degrees. At any temperature higher than 85 degrees you can store it for around 6 to 12 months. But in the real world about 12 months is the limit no matter the temperature.
Diesel is a fuel that is used in cars and stored in tanks. Gasoline / Petrol is another fuel that is used in cars and stored in tanks.
Yes, you can store diesel fuel in a home tank. It will be important that you store it in a tank designed to hold diesel fuel and that it is stored outside in a location that will not create hazardous or safety concerns. You also need to maintain the tank and the fuel properly.
The engine holds no diesel. The diesel is stored in the fuel tank. Without knowing what make and model car you are talking about it is impossible to provide an answer.
Put diesel fuel in a gasoline vehicle and it will not run at all.
No, you never, ever, store gasoline in a diesel can under any circumstances. Good way to cause someone to ruin a diesel engine if they used this fuel or someone to get badly burned using this to start a fire thinking it was diesel fuel. Only a utter fool would do this.
undetermined
Diesel engines run on diesel fuel. Gasoline will destroy a diesel engine.
The chemical energy is stored in the fuel, ie gasoline or diesel, and released when it is burned in the engine.
Sealed, basically for ever.
Short of re-refining it there is no good way to break the long molecules of motor oil into the size that makes diesel fuel. You can add small amounts of motor oil to diesel fuel and it will burn but it is not recommended.
Short answer? It won't! Not even for a little while. Long answer... If you screw up and accidentally pour some unleaded into a fuel tank that is partially filled with diesel, it MIGHT run... IF you haven't diluted the diesel fuel too much. Back in the old days, truckers would sometimes mix a little gasoline into their diesel fuel in the winter to help prevent low-temperature gelling. These days, diesel fuel is winterized seasonally, and most diesel trucks and cars come with fuel system heaters to prevent gelling anyway.
Yes, diesel is a bio fuel