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Q: Is there a senior citizen discount on bridge tolls on Delaware Memorial bridge?
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Continue Learning about Gerontology

What is lower pons?

A bridge structure in the brain...


What is the symbol for the oldest child for coat of arms?

a bridge with three to five legs


Dementia?

DefinitionDementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases. It affects memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.See also: Alzheimer's diseaseAlternative NamesChronic brain syndrome; Lewy body dementia; DLB; Vascular dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; MCICauses, incidence, and risk factorsMost types of dementia are nonreversible (degenerative). Nonreversible means the changes in the brain that are causing the dementia cannot be stopped or turned back. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia.Lewy body disease is a leading cause of dementia in elderly adults. People with this condition have abnormal protein structures in certain areas of the brain.Dementia also can be due to many small strokes. This is called vascular dementia.The following medical conditions also can lead to dementia:Parkinson's diseaseMultiple sclerosisHuntington's diseasePick's diseaseProgressive supranuclear palsyInfections that can affect the brain, such as HIV/AIDS and Lyme diseaseSome causes of dementia may be stopped or reversed if they are found soon enough, including:Brain tumorsChanges in blood sugar, sodium, and calcium levels (see: Dementia due to metabolic causes)Low vitamin B12levelsNormal pressure hydrocephalusUse of certain medications, including cimetadine and some cholesterol-lowering medicationsChronic alcohol abuseDementia usually occurs in older age. It is rare in people under age 60. The risk for dementia increases as a person gets older.SymptomsDementia symptoms include difficulty with many areas of mental function, including:LanguageMemoryPerceptionEmotional behavior or personalityCognitive skills (such as calculation, abstract thinking, or judgment)Dementia usually first appears as forgetfulness.Mild cognitive impairment is the stage between normal forgetfulness due to aging and the development of dementia. People with MCI have mild problems with thinking and memory that do not interfere with everyday activities. They are often aware of the forgetfulness. Not everyone with MCI develops dementia.Symptoms of MCI include:Forgetting recent events or conversationsDifficulty performing more than one task at a timeDifficulty solving problemsTaking longer to perform more difficult mental activitiesThe early symptoms of dementia can include:Language problems, such as trouble finding the name of familiar objectsMisplacing itemsGetting lost on familiar routesPersonality changes and loss of social skillsLosing interest in things you previously enjoyed, flat moodDifficulty performing tasks that take some thought, but that used to come easily, such as balancing a checkbook, playing games (such as bridge), and learning new information or routinesAs the dementia becomes worse, symptoms are more obvious and interfere with the ability to take care of yourself. The symptoms may include:Forgetting details about current eventsForgetting events in your own life history, losing awareness of who you areChange in sleep patterns, often waking up at nightMore difficulty reading or writingPoor judgment and loss of ability to recognize dangerUsing the wrong word, not pronouncing words correctly, speaking in confusing sentencesWithdrawing from social contactHaving hallucinations, arguments, striking out, and violent behaviorHaving delusions, depression, agitationDifficulty doing basic tasks, such as preparing meals, choosing proper clothing, or drivingPeople with severe dementia can no longer:Understand languageRecognize family membersPerform basic activities of daily living, such as eating, dressing, and bathingOther symptoms that may occur with dementia:IncontinenceSwallowing problemsSigns and testsDementia can often be diagnosed with a history and physical exam by a skilled doctor or nurse. A health care provider will take a history, do a physical exam (including a neurological exam), and perform some tests of mental function called a mental status examination.The health care provider may order tests to help determine whether other problems could be causing dementia or making it worse. These conditions include:Thyroid diseaseVitamin deficiencyBrain tumorIntoxication from medicationsChronic infectionAnemiaSevere depressionThe following tests and procedures may be done:B12 levelBlood ammonialevelsBlood chemistry (chem-20)Blood gas analysisCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysisDrug or alcohol levels (toxicology screen)Tests for exposure to metals such as lead or arsenicElectroencephalograph(EEG)Glucose testHead CTLiver function testsMental status testMRI of headSerum calciumSerum electrolytesThyroid function testsThyroid stimulating hormone levelUrinalysisTreatmentFor information on how to take care of a loved one with dementia, see: Dementia - home careThe goal of treatment is to control the symptoms of dementia. Treatment depends on the condition causing the dementia. Some people may need to stay in the hospital for a short time.Stopping or changing medications that make confusion worse may improve brain function.There is growing evidence that some kinds of mental exercises can help dementia.Treating conditions that can lead to confusion often greatly improve mental functioning. Such conditions include:AnemiaDecreased oxygen (hypoxia)DepressionHeart failureInfectionsNutritional disordersThyroid disordersMedications may be needed to control behavior problems caused by a loss of judgement, increased impulsivity, and confusion. Possible medications include:Antipsychotics (haloperidol, risperdal, olanzapine)Mood stabilizers (fluoxetine, imipramine, citalopram)Serotonin-affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone)Stimulants (methylphenidate)Certain drugs may be used to slow the rate at which symptoms worsen. The benefit from these drugs is often small, and patients and their families may not always notice much of a change.Donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Razadyne, formerly called Reminyl)Memantine (Namenda)A person's eyes and ears should be checked regularly. Hearing aids, glasses, or cataract surgery may be needed.Psychotherapy or group therapy usually does not help because it may cause more confusion.Expectations (prognosis)People with mild cognitive impairment do not always develop dementia. However, when dementia does occur, it usually gets worse and often decreases quality of life and lifespan.ComplicationsComplications depend on the cause of the dementia, but may include the following:Abuse by an overstressed caregiverIncreased infections anywhere in the bodyLoss of ability to function or care for selfLoss of ability to interactReduced lifespanSide effects of medications used to treat the disorderCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if:Dementia develops or a sudden change in mental statusoccursThe condition of a person with dementia gets worseYou are unable to care for a person with dementia at homePreventionMost causes of dementia are not preventable.You can reduce the risk of vascular dementia, which is caused by a series of small strokes, by quitting smoking and controlling high blood pressure and diabetes. Eating a low-fat diet and exercising regularly may also reduce the risk of vascular dementia.ReferencesBrewer JB, Gabrieli JDE, Preston AR, Vaidya CJ, Rosen AC. Memory. In: Goetz CG, ed. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 5.Farlow MR, Cummings JL. Effective pharmacologic management of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med, 2007;120:388-397.Burns A, Iliffe S. Alzheimer's disease. BMJ. 2009;338:b158.doi:10.1136/bmj.b158.


Related questions

When was Delaware Memorial Bridge created?

Delaware Memorial Bridge was created in 1968.


When was the Delaware Memorial Bridge built?

1954


Where is the tallest bridge on the east coast?

Delaware memorial


What town are you in when you cross the Delaware Memorial Bridge?

pennsville Nj


How much did it cost to build the Delaware Memorial Bridge?

1.2.4 thousdand


How do you get to the Atlantic City Expressway from the Delaware Memorial Bridge?

The quickest is up I-295


Tolls from Delaware memorial bridge to new brunswick?

Around $3, depending on when you're driving.


In which direction is the Delaware Memorial Bridge Toll required?

> The last time I crossed Delaware Memorial Bridge (In May 2011), the toll was> three dollars. There is no toll northbound.As of July 1, 2011, the toll to go southbound, leaving New Jersey, is $4.00.


How can I start your persuasive essay topic sentence about Delaware?

have you ever wanted a place to go in the summer when nothing to do? well Delaware has many things to do example u can visit the Delaware memorial bridge


Tappan zee bridge to Delaware memorial bridge?

To get to the Tappan Zee from the Delaware Memorial, continue straight when you get off the Delaware Memorial, and you'll be on the New Jersey Turnpike. Take that to the Garden State Parkway. Go north on the Garden State Parkway to where it ends. It ends at I-87 in New York. Go south on I-87 which is also eastbound I-287 because it's concurrent to I-87 and you'll be at the Tappan Zee.


Delaware Memorial bridge to Chesapeake Rest Area?

If by "Chesapeake Rest Area" you mean the Chesapeake House service area on I-95 in Maryland, it's approximately 30 miles from the middle of the Delaware Memorial Bridge (I-295 between NJ and DE) to that service area. You'll be in Delaware for about 17 miles (warning: one toll booth) and then in Maryland for another 13.


How old is the Delaware memorial bridge?

I am a Delaware native and the first span was completed in 1951 when traffic went both directions from Delaware and New Jersey. The second span was completed in in 1968. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Memorial_Bridge